A vanadium flow battery is mainly composed of a power unit (stack), energy storage unit (electrolyte and tanks), electrolyte delivery system (pipes, valves, pumps), and a battery management system. Its core electrolyte can be recycled almost indefinitely. With a relatively simple overall structure, the system effectively avoids the failure risks caused by complex components. Boasting an ultra-long service life and requiring minimal maintenance throughout its lifecycle, it offers extremely low operation and maintenance costs, making it a highly reliable technical solution suitable for large-scale, long-cycle energy storage scenarios.